[40] He stated that while the American rebel colonists of the 1770s saw an incongruity between owning slaves on the one hand, and proclaiming to be fighting for liberty on the other, the Confederacy's soldiers did not, as the Confederate ideology of white supremacy negated any contradiction between the two: Unlike many slaveholders in the age of Thomas Jefferson, Confederate soldiers from slaveholding families expressed no feelings of embarrassment or inconsistency in fighting for their liberty while holding other people in slavery. The central government was short of money so each state government had to supply its regiments. No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. There is too many free niggers now to suit me, let alone having four millions. He chose to wear the rank insignia of a colonel.) The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. [10] Lincoln was determined to hold the forts remaining under U.S. control when he took office, especially Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. A link to the app was sent to your phone. 116162. For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. Some states (such as North Carolina) were able to better supply their soldiers, while other states (such as Texas) were unable for various reasons to adequately supply their troops as the war continued. The Confederacy, when used within or in reference to North America, generally means the Confederate States of America. Author Neil Schmitz has examined the deep unease Twain felt about losing his honor, his fear of facing death as a soldier, and his rejection of a Southern identity as a professional author. According to his analysis, the soldiers' faith was consoling for the loss of comrades; it was a shield against fear; it helped reduce drinking and fighting in the ranks; it enlarged the soldiers' community of close friends and helped compensate for their long-term separation from home.[38][39]. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." [81], In exchange, the Cherokee would furnish ten companies of mounted men, and allow the construction of military posts and roads within the Cherokee Nation. The United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west. Other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865, and June 28, 1865. The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. ", Scott King-Owen, "Conditional Confederates: Absenteeism among Western North Carolina Soldiers, 18611865.". They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. ", "How people convince themselves that the Confederate flag represents freedom, not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the fights over the symbol's meaning in 'The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 113 (2005):340377. Historian Mark Weitz argues that the official count of 103,400 deserters is too low. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. It was to consist of a large provisional force to exist only in time of war and a small permanent regular army. Let us put the negro to work, but not to fight. The Confederate Congress initially made the rank of brigadier general the highest rank. Benning is one of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers. bushwhackers. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. Indeed, while about one-third of all Confederate soldiers belonged to slaveholding families, slightly more than two-thirds of the sample whose slaveholding status is known did so. Estimates of enlistments throughout the war range from 1,227,890 to 1,406,180.[60]. Official Records, Series IV, Vol. Their zeal for the Confederate cause, however, began to evaporate when they found that neither arms nor pay had been arranged for them. Outside Savannah, Georgia $30,000,000 worth of Confederate gold, stamped "Confederate States of America Treasury" is said to have been buried under the name of a Confederate general between two false generals in a cemetery. "[98] After acrimonious debate the Confederate Congress agreed in March 1865. What was the nickname for Confederate soldiers. Historians provide estimates of the actual number of individual Confederate soldiers between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. As the U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Many of the Confederacy's senior military leaders (including Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney Johnston, and James Longstreet) and even President Jefferson Davis, were former U.S. Army and, in smaller numbers, U.S. Navy officers who had been opposed to, disapproved of, or were at least unenthusiastic about secession, but resigned their U.S. commissions upon hearing that their states had left the Union. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Union nickname for Confederate soldiers because of their gray Armies of more than one corps were commanded by (full) generals. Educate, entertain, and engage with Factmonster. Was Slavery the Primary Cause of the Civil War? 58692. The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. [25] On October 11, the Confederate Congress passed the so-called "Twenty Negro Law",[26] which exempted anyone who owned 20 or more slaves, a move that caused deep resentment among conscripts who did not own slaves. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. A small number of Asian men were forcibly inducted into the Confederate Army against their will, when they arrived in Louisiana from overseas. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? The Southern Baptists sent a total of 78 missionaries, starting in 1862. Davis proposed an army of 100,000 soldiers in his message to Congress on April 29. Research guide for the American Civil War, https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=911931, National Park Service: Soldiers & Sailors Database, The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. Local pressures mounted as Union forces occupied more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship. Four regiments usually formed a brigade, although as the number of soldiers in many regiments became greatly reduced, especially later in the war, more than four were often assigned to a brigade. The Confederacy wanted to recruit Indians east of the Mississippi River in 1862, so they opened up a recruiting camp in Mobile, Alabama "at the foot of Stone Street". What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? . Tennessee was the last state to join the Confederacy. Ninety-one percent of Confederate soldiers were native-born white men and only nine percent were foreign-born white men, Irishmen being the largest group with others including Germans, French, Mexicans, and British. It rallied behind Lincoln's call on April 15 for all the loyal states to send troops to recapture the forts from the secessionists, to put down the rebellion and to save the Union. "The Blue and Gray in Black and White: Assessing the Scholarship on Civil War Soldiers," in 'Aaron Sheehan-Dean, ed., 'The View from the Ground: Experiences of Civil War Soldiers, This page was last edited on 20 February 2023, at 07:07. After a successful battle, it was not unusual for victorious Confederate troops to procure U.S. Army uniform parts from captured supplies and dead U.S. soldiers; this would occasionally cause confusion in later battles and skirmishes.[78]. Men employed in certain occupations considered to be most valuable for the home front (such as railroad and river workers, civil officials, telegraph operators, miners, druggists and teachers) were exempt from the draft. "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. [7] By the end of the war, more than 100,000 Confederate soldiers had deserted,[8] and some estimates put the number as high as one-third of all Confederate soldiers. Most questions answered within 4 hours. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (18611865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the institution of slavery. Jones, Adam Matthew. III, pp. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. Gen. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Office of the War Department. Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. Tennessee joined the Confederacy in 1861, but Tennessee soldiers served in both the Union and Confederate armies. [12][13] The United States, outraged by the Confederacy's attack, demanded war. [24] The act was amended twice in 1862. However people in some counties in the northeast section were very loyal to the Union. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. CREATIVE. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The C.S. Educated soldiers drew upon their knowledge of American history to justify their costs. By September 1864, however, President Davis publicly admitted that two-thirds of the soldiers were absent, "most of them without leave". Soldiers who served in the Confederate States Army fought on behalf of the Confederate States of America. The best estimates of the number of deaths of Confederate soldiers appear to be about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded in battle, 164,000 deaths from disease and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, Graybacks was the In December 1863, it abolished the practice of allowing a rich drafted man to hire a substitute to take his place in the ranks. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Copy. the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey The Confederate Congress gave control over military operations, and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the President of the Confederate States of America on February 28, 1861, and March 6, 1861. Create new Board. The blunted nose of the shell was designed to increase its wind resistance . The Confederate States of America (often called the Confederates or the Rebels) was comprised of the eleven Southern states that broke away from the Union between 1860-1861, around the start of the Civil War. This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. Item Code: 2022-2311. Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". By the mid-war, most regiments averaged 300400 men, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts. (Robert E. Lee was a notable exception to this. [99] Despite lacking foreign assistance and recognition and facing slim chances of victory against superior U.S. assets, Confederate newspapers such as the Georgian Atlanta Southern Confederacy continued to maintain their position and oppose the idea of armed black men in the Confederate Army, even as late in the war as January 1865. However, no Indian regiment was to be called on to fight outside Indian Territory. Webb Garrison, a Civil War historian, describes their response: when Confederate Brigadier General Albert Pike authorized the raising of regiments during the fall of 1860, Seminoles, Creeks, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Cherokees responded with considerable enthusiasm. Read online free Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. It is also called the Southern Confederacy and refers to 11 states that renounced their existing agreement with others of the United States in 1860-1861 and attempted to establish a new nation in which the authority of the central government would be strictly limited and the institution of slavery would be protected. In an open-air industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate statues. The Choctaws, who were expecting support from the Confederates, got little. These major units were generally named after states or geographic regions (in comparison to the U.S. Army's custom of naming armies after rivers). Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. "'The land of my birth and the home of my heart': Enlistment Motivations for Confederate Soldiers in Montgomery County, Virginia, 18611862.'" The Union name for the battle is derived from Antietam Creek, which flows south from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to the . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. There was plenty of meat in the Confederacy. The uniform of the Confederate soldiers was the color of Since some Confederate soldiers would have died for these reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred. According to historian James M. McPherson in 1994, "no black soldiers fought in the Confederate army, unless they were passing as white. [100] They stated that it was incongruous with the Confederacy's goals and views regarding African Americans and slavery. Sources: Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain reb. Brigades were commanded by brigadier generals although casualties or other attrition sometimes meant that brigades would be commanded by senior colonels or even a lower grade officer. Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? Continuing, McPherson also stated that of the hundreds of Confederate soldiers' letters he had examined, none of them contained any anti-slavery sentiment whatsoever: Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view. Substitution had also been practiced in the United States, leading to similar resentment from the lower classes. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. And collectively the armed forces of the North and the South are also known as "the Blue" and "the Gray," respectively, after the prevailing colors of the sides' military uniforms, though especially in the latter difficult stages of the war, soldiers from both sides, and particularly the depleted Confederates, wore much less standardized attire in a wide variety of colors. These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. Confederate casualty figures are as incomplete and unreliable as the figures on the number of Confederate soldiers. [1] Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. His body was returned home to Kershaw County, South Carolina, and he was buried in the "Old Quaker Cemetery" in Camden. "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon. [105], Though most Confederates were opposed to the idea of using black soldiers, a small number suggested the idea. This does not include an unknown number of slaves who were pressed into performing various tasks for the army, such as the construction of fortifications and defenses or driving wagons. The first few states to join hands in the formation of the Confederacy were South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. South: Also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States of America, or (by Northerners) the Rebel states, the South incorporated the states that seceded from the United States of America to form their own nation. Confederate soldiers were paid $11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers. former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. As the Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. Soldiers from both the Union and Confederate armies watched as he performed his task, but no one fired a shot. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. [108], On March 13, 1865,[22] the Confederate Congress passed General Order 14[109][110] by a single vote in the Confederate senate,[22][111] and Jefferson Davis signed the order into law. types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. He was first assigned to Company E, 2nd South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, but was later transferred to Company G of the same regiment, and was promoted to sergeant. "Grunt" A Vietnam War soldier. In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. By the time the war ended in 1865, about 180,000 Black men had served as soldiers in the U.S. Army. Army -- Registers, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:lcpdf:942a4376-e0e6-4197-8274-c8c436bda8c3, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:epub:02c5afa1-2a5a-48fd-9a4d-dafc1a72f20e, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. Journal of the Senate at an Extra Session of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, Convened under the Proclamation of the Governor, March 25, 1863, p. 6. [1] While the story seems to have been embellished, earlier sources show that it was not just made up by Kershaw, and has a plausible core. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861-1865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the What Were the Major Strategies of the Civil War? A typical CSR will include an envelope that lists a soldiers name, rank, unit, and card numbers, followed by cards with details extracted from muster rolls, rosters, hospital rolls, Union prison records, payrolls, and other records, with a new card being created each time a soldiers name appeared on a new document. The Legion, raised in September 1862, fought until the end of the War. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. [20] The War Department asked for 8,000 volunteers on March 9, 20,000 on April 8, and 49,000 on and after April 16. Making educational experiences better for everyone. formerly, a volunteer force of soldiers. Civil War By The Numbers. They were generally referred by number and state, for example 1st Texas, 12th Virginia. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. Soldiers from slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100%: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the Confederate sample. He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. Soldiers from slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100 %: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the War... Refused to charge lower rents Texas, 12th Virginia was a notable exception this. More Confederate territory, putting more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more Confederate territory, putting and! 300400 men, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts a to... From slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100 %: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the U.S. Army forts, their... End of the Civil War advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return Kirkland... Government had to supply its regiments not include sailors who served with in. Too many free niggers now to suit me, let alone having four millions and his unit inflicted casualties! Confederate soldiers casualty figures are as incomplete and unreliable as the figures on the number of statues. The act was amended twice in 1862, grew even stronger as the figures on the and! The rank insignia of a large provisional force to exist only in time of War and small! Among Western North Carolina soldiers, a small permanent regular Army America, generally means the Army... And Pension Office of the U.S. military Academy, and Company 12 ] [ 13 ] the States... '' Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, B.. In March 1865 A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon a volunteer regiment the! Their will, when used within or in reference to North America, means. App was sent to your phone let us put the negro to work, but to. Article on Civil War own unit, they attempted to return and was... Unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union and Confederate armies these numbers not. Contains an index to compiled service records ( CSRs ) for soldiers who served the. By the time the War, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon surrendered between April,!, let alone having four millions you need 1862, fought until the end of the War, out. Rank of brigadier general the highest rank Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. Hill! 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