There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. [39], On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. Many people avoided him because of the wild things he sometimes said." In devouring his autobiography, I learned of the Nation of Islams charismatic and influential leader, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, and of the large fissure that eventually split the organization over different interpretations of their tenets and goals. The past History shows that the ALMIGHTY ALLAH sends Prophets and Apostles for the people's Guide and Example, and through them HIS Mystery was Revealed. He could've at least sent a letter! Attendances to his sermons rapidly grow over the next three years and then suddenly, without announcing his departure, he disappears, never to be seen or heard from again. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. To Mr. Fard alone do they offer prayer and sacrifice. Some sects within the Nation of Islam believed and still believe that Fard was murdered. Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey movement. J. Edgar Hoover would not have dropped something of this magnitude in a year's time. They must live according to the law of Allah, avoiding all meat of 'poison animals', hogs, ducks, geese, possums and catfish. 1. At his suggestion, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests. "[58], Beynon also wrote: "The prophets message was characterized by his ability to utilize to the fullest measure the environment of his followers. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. [61], Fard wrote, in his instructions to the leaders of his community, that they should "copy the Answers of Lesson of Minister Elijah Muhammad. Some people probably think Elijah Muhammad did it himself, since he was pretty much the only person to have any kind of real relationship with Fard. Master Fard taught his followers about a period of temporary domination and persecution by white "blue-eyed devils," who had achieved their power by brutality, murder, and trickery. [17] The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. And that she is number one to be destroyed. Contemporary American Religion. In 1924, Ford married Carmen Trevino in Santa Ana, California. Accordingly, he gave his followers Arabic names to replace those that had originated in slavery. I guess so, because if you compare their features (ears, nose, chin, mouth, eyes and eyebrows), they're very similar. He taught us the truth of how we were made 'slaves' and how we are kept in slavery by the 'slave-masters children. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. Master W. D. Fard founded the Nation of Islam, or the "Black Muslim" movement, in a Detroit ghetto called Paradise Valley in July 1930. Before arriving in Detroit in 1930, under the alias of David Ford, he attained a high rank in the Moorish Science Temple, a vaguely Islam-like religion that disbanded that same year. I don't know what to think. Members of the Nation of Islam believe that he was a light-skinned black man or mulatto who knew both the white and the black world and who was born on February 26, 1877. The whole thing smells like an intelligence agency operation to me. Four victories and the son will attain his reward, convinced the Detroit Police Department motivated in part by the anti-Muslim hysteria fueled by media coverage of the event to seek out Fard in conjunction with the murder. He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. For some time, one W. D. Fard assumed leadership of the Moorish movement. Fard appeared as a peddler "from the East," selling silks and other sundries and dispensing advice about health and spiritual development to his customers. Fard pleaded innocence and claimed he had no involvement in the murder. He claimed he was influenced by the group. It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. His parents were Zared Fard (a New Zealander whose parents were from an area of East India that eventually became Pakistan) and Beatrice (of New Zealands minority British population). He also listed his race as Caucasian and his birthdate as February 26, 1893. He arrived in Detroits Paradise Valley on July 4, 1930, in order to achieve this goal. [64][65] Fard wrote the following for his followers: "[T]he LESSONS that OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH) gave us to Study and Learn is the Fulfillment of the Prophecies of All the Former Prophets concerning the Beginning of the Devils, and the Ending of the Civilization, and of our Enslavement by the Devils, and Present Time of our Delivery from the Devils by OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH). At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. Farrakhan referred to the knowledge that Fard passed onto the NOI as actual facts. (The speech is at the Nations Web site at www.noi.org.). This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? [56] In his 1962 book Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity, Essien-Udom wrote: "Noble Drew Ali was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929 He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. I am your brother. The organizations humble origins in the Hastings Street Temple of Detroits Paradise Valley are little known, as is the story of the enigmatic Wallace D. Fard. Fard, facing possible charges, confessed that his teachings were dangerous and that he would use his influence to disband the ATI. Garvey taught the Negroes that their homeland was Ethiopia. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. But both Zared and Beatrice were said to have been born in Hawaii. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Edit: After looking at those two pictures more I am convinced they're the same guy. Fard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. She claimed Ford was a New Zealander who had lived in Portland prior to coming to LA, and that she had one son by him, Wallace Dodd Ford Jr., who had died during World War II. He also offended some people when he allegedly claimed to be Drew Ali, the murdered founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America (another Islamic black nationalist group). Omissions? WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. He led a controversial life in his later years and it does seem there was more than one organization that was unhappy with him. Sources: Immigration record of Khanialam Khan https://familysearch.org, FBI report on Wallace Fard Muhammad https://vault.fbi.gov, Mugshots of Wallace Fard Muhammad and Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.findagrave.com, Marriage record of Fred Dodd and Pearl Allen https://www.ancestry.com, Prison file of Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.ancestry.com, Draft registration card of Wallie Dodd Ford https://familysearch.org, Wallie D. Ford on the 1920 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Birth record of Fords son, Wallace Max Ford https://familysearch.org, Marriage record of Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino https://familysearch.org, William D. Fard on the 1930 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Nation of Islam article refuting claims of Dodd and Muhammad being the same person https://www.noi.org. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. Almost everyday we would have conversations (actually friendly debate) about his faith. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. Subscribe now to get the latest news delivered right to your inbox. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. In Middlesex, Fard is revealed to be Desdemonas brother-in-law, who had been presumed dead after a rum-running incident. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. There are two popular theories regarding Ford/Fard's background - that he was the child of a South Asian/Arabic man and a white woman, or the child of a Maori man and a white woman. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. Uncover property values, resident history, neighborhood safety score, and more! It seems that there is room for even more study into the origins of the Nation of Islam this always fascinating, sometimes controversial, organization that has exerted considerable influence on Americas thoughts and dialogue for more than 70 years. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. In 1931 Fard was recognized by some of his followers as the "Great Mahdi" or "Savior" who had come to bring a special message to the suffering masses of black Americans in the teeming ghettos of the United States. On the 1930 U.S. Census, a man listed as William D. Fard in Chicago, Illinois, gave his race as Mexican, his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 32. [25] One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. Pan-Islam is the ideology that calls for the unity and cooperation of Muslims worldwide on the basis of their shared Islamic identity. He could very plausibly be Maori from New Zealand trying to pass as an Arab, or he could genuinely be Arabic. [8][9], Fard Muhammad, acting as a door-to-door travelling salesman, spread his religious teachings throughout Detroit, and within three years grew the movement to a reported 8,0009,000 members in Detroit, Chicago, and other cities. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He had been gone for 23_ years at this point and although important to the NOI, he would be hardly remembered anyone else! He lived In Los Angeles. He said that he loved us (the so-called Negroes), his lost and found, so well that he would eat rattlesnakes to free us if necessary, for he has power over all things. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. She is employed despite her ethnicity because the managers are desperate for someone with a working knowledge of silk they rationalize the hire by discovering that her place of birth was Turkey, a Muslim country, although she is a practicing Greek Orthodox Christian. On their marriage record, Ford gave his race as Spanish, his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 26. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. He is always referred to reverently as the 'Prophet Elijah in Chicago. On the other hand, in a speech made on April 1, 2001, titled The Greatness of Master Fard Muhammad, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan reiterated Fards origins in the Holy City of Mecca, and referred to him as the Mahdi, a man absolutely guided by God in the Islam faith. There is no consensus about Master Fard's identity. In 1934, he disappeared from public record, and Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as leader of the Nation of Islam. Master Fard's identity, origins, appearance, and disappearance remain mysterious and controversial. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. He provided no known place of birth for his parents nor his date of immigration. Fard and his teachings are also referenced in many hip-hop songs. He claimed his father was a black Arab and his mother from the Caucasus mountains. Fard referred to himself as a black man, despite his obviously light skin. "[26] Wallace Fard Muhammad loved the black people of the United States of America. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. Otherwise he would chastise us with a severe chastisement until we did submit. Fard worked the streets as silk peddler, but his real sales pitches were religious beliefs and dietary restrictions. Fards demise as the leader of the temple was brought upon him when, on Thanksgiving Day in 1932, one of his followers, Robert Harris, renamed Robert Karriem, committed a human sacrifice in order to bring himself closer to Allah. He wrote two books for the movement, The Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam, which is transmitted orally to members; and Teaching for the Lost-Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way, which is written in symbolic language and requires special interpretation. There were rumors about his whereabouts until the 1990s, when some believed he was still alive and living somewhere in California. Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. . In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Message to the Black Man in America. In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. Fard snuck back into Detroit in January 1933, but was identified by authorities, arrested in May and again ordered to leave the city. Among the files reviewed was that of Wallace Dodd Ford. Did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name? His ears, mouth, eye brows etc his face looks like a younger Ford imo. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. 5 (54) The FBI report states that fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Los Angeles. Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, had a murky past. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. . I remember researching the noi's history and finding out about what you have written. [45], A February 19, 1963, FBI memorandum states: "In connection with efforts to disrupt and curb growth of the NOI, extensive research has been conducted into various files maintained by this office. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. [44], On August 15, 1959, the FBI sent a story to the Chicago New Crusader newspaper, stating that Fard was a "Turkish-born Nazi agent who worked for Hitler in World War II". He denounced white people and incited racial hatred. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. Encyclopedia.com. The 2 smear campaigns that were released also have me wondering what the agency hoped to accomplish. [21][Note 1] These incidents drew police attention, according to Beynon, and contributed to persecutions and schisms. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. The onset of the Great Depression in 1929 added to the crushing poverty and racial discrimination felt by many black people and made some of them receptive to Fard's new religious message. This new movement, known as the Temple People, identifies the prophet, Mr. W. D. Fard, with the God, Allah. He measured and weighed the earth and its water; the history of the moon; the history of the two nations, black and white, that dominate the earth. "[19], Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. Whatever the case, Fard was a master at remaking himself and was apparently a very charismatic man. Either way, most people who have investigated his life have come to the conclusion that he was probably mixed race and may have emigrated from New Zealand or the Middle East. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. Were Ford and Fard truly the same person? 1963. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. "The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia a Turk, an Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani a Greek" Morrow writes. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader He gained a reputation as a healer when his customers, after having adhered to the pork-free diet that Fard espoused, began noticing improvements in their health. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. He agreed to leave Detroit forever in order to receive immunity, and boarded a train bound for Chicago on Dec. 7. ), Mecca-born founder of the Nation of Islam (sometimes called Black Muslim) movement in the United States. However, the date of retrieval is often important. It was an independent monarchy and other than a few missionaries and traders the population was almost entirely native Hawaiian. He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard, though he used also the following names: Professor Ford, Mr. Farrad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohammed Ali. This is the story that stuck. Alternate titles: F. Mohammed Ali, Wallace Fard Muhammad, Walli Farrad. He was a few years away from retirement so he was quiet old. [25][Note 2] Some of the lessons are in the form of questions asked by Fard to Elijah Muhammad. He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. The FBI file states: "Our investigation of the NOI and Fard failed to establish his birth date and birth place." Abdullah himself denied that he was Fard, saying "It is all right to say I am Fard Muhammad for Wallace D. Muhammad. The photo of Fard looks highly retouched, or whatever people did to photo before Photoshop, so whether it's the same person as in the mugshot is really hard to tell. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. He returned to Chicago, was arrested on charges of disturbing the peace through his preaching, and again returned to Detroit. Fard immigrated to the United States sometime before 1930. 22 Feb. 2023 . The local police traced the murderer's ideology back to Fard and arrested him. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. His most trusted lieutenant and chief minister of Islam, Elijah Karriem Muhammad, the former Robert Elijah Poole of Sandersville, Georgia, eventually won control and reestablished the Nation of Islam in Chicago, with Temple No. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). She also said she still kept in contact with Ford via letters she sent to his uncle in New Zealand. Using both the Bible and the Qur'an, he began with meetings in houses until he had enough members to rent a storefront, which he called Temple of Islam No. [66] He was linked to the Pacific Movement of the Eastern World and Japanese agitators such as Satokata Takahashi, and Ashima Takis. . [40] Barton-Ford gave a description of Wallie Ford, and described him as a Caucasian New Zealander. 1997. PRAISE HIS HOLY NAME! A 1920 birth record for a boy named Wallace Max Ford born in Los Angeles lists his father as Wallace Ford, who was born in New Zealand, and his mother as Hazel Barton. "[62], Fard's lessons actually state that the "traders" referenced by Beynon, came to Africa, not Mecca.[63]. Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the FBI file. Fard taught that approximately 6,000 years ago a black scientist named Yakub conducted gene-manipulation experiments that resulted in the creation of the inferior white race. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes.' What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. $95 night. Just last year, however, I read a book that reintroduced Fard to my consciousness. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The FBI were confident that Wallace Dodd Ford was, in fact, Wallace Fard Muhammad. I worked with a devout follower of the noi. He further reported that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan. He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. By 1930 a permanent split developed in the movement. She is first hypnotized by his voice, then by his message. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Both provided their race as "Spanish"; Ford claimed that his parents, "Zaradodd" and "Babbjie", were natives of Madrid, Spain. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The FBI opened an investigation into Fard in 1957 and closed it a year later in 1958. [31], From the FBI's response to the Freedom of Information Act request, Evanzz claimed that Fard, using the name Fred Dodd, married Pearl Allen in Multnomah County, Oregon, on May 9, 1914, with their first child, a son, born the next year. April 15, 2022. Elijah Muhammad was responsible for deifying Master Fard as Allah, or a black man as God, and declaring himself as Allah's Prophet or Messenger. How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. My introduction to the life of Fard came via a fascination with Malcolm X that began in high school. Only a few things are certain. [25] In 1933, he began signing his name "W. F. Muhammad", which stands for "Wallace Fard Muhammad". How we had been made blind, deaf and dumb by this white race of people and how we must return to our people, our God and His religion of peace (Islam), the religion of the prophets. Some people claim that he died from injuries inflicted by the police while he was in jail. Mouth, eye brows etc his face looks like a younger Ford.... Was more than one organization that was unhappy with him is all right to say am. Record, wallace fard muhammad disappearance married Carmen Trevino in Santa Ana, California boarded a train bound for Chicago and without... And disappearance remain mysterious and wallace fard muhammad disappearance, Allah in jail the wild things sometimes... 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